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	<title>graph &#8211; Terence Eden’s Blog</title>
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	<description>Regular nonsense about tech and its effects 🙃</description>
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	<title>graph &#8211; Terence Eden’s Blog</title>
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		<title><![CDATA[This is what a graph of 8,000 fake Twitter accounts looks like]]></title>
		<link>https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2015/03/this-is-what-a-graph-of-8000-fake-twitter-accounts-looks-like/</link>
					<comments>https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2015/03/this-is-what-a-graph-of-8000-fake-twitter-accounts-looks-like/#comments</comments>
				<dc:creator><![CDATA[@edent]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2015 11:55:52 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[/etc/]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[graph]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[python]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[twitter]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://shkspr.mobi/blog/?p=20729</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Recently I&#039;ve been plagued with Tweets saying that I&#039;m &#34;trending in London.&#34;        As flattering as that is, it&#039;s not true.  There appears to be a network of Twitter bots which are randomly repeating other people&#039;s tweets, ripping off avatars and bios, and generally causing a nuisance.  Looking at the users&#039; Twitter name, I don&#039;t think it&#039;s unreasonable to think that &#34;ekip_uhokoqeq&#34; and…]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Recently I've been plagued with Tweets saying that I'm "trending in London."</p>

<img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Twitter-Spam-Trending-fs8.png" alt="Twitter Spam Trending-fs8" width="846" height="227" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20730">

<img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Twitter-Spam-Trending-Again-fs8.png" alt="Twitter Spam Trending Again-fs8" width="793" height="245" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20742">

<img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/More-bloody-spammers-fs8.png" alt="More bloody spammers-fs8" width="770" height="222" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20746">

<p>As flattering as that is, it's not true.  There appears to be a network of Twitter bots which are randomly repeating other people's tweets, ripping off avatars and bios, and generally causing a nuisance.</p>

<p>Looking at the users' Twitter name, I don't think it's unreasonable to think that "ekip_uhokoqeq" and "utadaqusoxeh" are randomly generated sequence of characters.  And, without wishing to judge, that photo doesn't <em>look</em> like a Susan...</p>

<p>Let's take a look at one of the user's profile :</p>

<img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Twitter-Spam-Profile-fs8.png" alt="Twitter Spam Profile-fs8" width="814" height="731" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20731">

<p>It's possible to trace back the bio and photo to different users - they've had their details misappropriated.  The Tweets seem to be just randomly taken from other users.</p>

<p>Let's take a look at who this bot is following :</p>

<img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Twitter-Spam-Following-fs8.png" alt="Twitter Spam Following-fs8" width="1186" height="880" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20732">

<p>Again, random sequences of letters, hijacked bios and photos.  Clicking through each of these profiles reveals a network of <em>thousands of fake accounts</em>.</p>

<p>I adapted <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140917091009/https://mark-kay.net/blog/2014/08/15/generating-a-network-graph-of-twitter-followers-using-python-and-networkx/">a script to visualise the network of accounts</a> - this is only looking 3 levels deep (Twitter's API limits make going much further a time consuming task) :</p>

<p><a href="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Spam-Graph-fs8.png"><img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Spam-Graph-fs8.png" alt="Spam Graph-fs8" width="1060" height="786" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20738"></a></p>

<p>I used <a href="https://gephi.github.io/">Gephi</a> to draw the graph.</p>

<p>As you can see - there are dozens of randomly named accounts.  They appear to only be following each other - I don't think any "real" users are in there.  I can only assume that by forming a network like this, they can evade Twitter's filters.  The bots can then either start generating spam, be sold off as fake followers, or used for some other unsavoury purpose.</p>

<p>I ran the script over the weekend to a recursive depth of 4 and <strong>identified over 8,000 spam accounts</strong>.  Using <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150311153238/http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/allegrolayout">Cytoscape and Allegro Layout</a> I was able to create this visualisation of the tangled web of connections.</p>

<p><a href="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Big-Graph-of-Twitter-Spammers-fs8.png"><img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Big-Graph-of-Twitter-Spammers-fs8.png" alt="Big Graph of Twitter Spammers-fs8" width="855" height="790" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20747"></a></p>

<p>Using <a href="http://graph-tool.skewed.de/">Python's Graph-Tool</a> I generated a somewhat prettier visualisation of how all these accounts are connected.
<a href="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Network-Diagram-Spammers-fs8.png"><img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Network-Diagram-Spammers-fs8.png" alt="Network Diagram Spammers-fs8" width="1024" height="1024" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20750"></a>
They each mostly follow around 8 accounts - there's a fair bit of clustering.  While there are a few accounts with larger follower numbers, it's hard to discern if there's a definitive pattern.  The large gap appears to be users who have been suspended.</p>

<p>As the weekend drew to a close, I'd reached the fifth level of my recursive algorithm.  Using Cytoscape's "Organic" layout, another interesting pattern emerges.
<a href="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Circles-of-Spam-fs8.png"><img src="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Circles-of-Spam-fs8.png" alt="Circles of Spam-fs8" width="1024" height="640" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-20752"></a>
There appears to be several "loops" - that is bots which are in an almost closed network with each other.  I see at least half a dozen circles - the rest appear to be following other fake accounts at random.</p>

<p>The centre of those circles <em>appear</em> to be real people.  I can't say <em>why</em> they have lots of fake followers - it's possible that they - or someone else - has just bought them to make it look like they're more popular than they really are.  There's no suggestion that they control the fake accounts.</p>

<p>One of the central nodes has <strong>650,000 followers</strong>.  It's not possible to know quite how many of those are fake - I'm guessing the majority are.</p>

<p>It seems that there's a nasty nest of these bots.  In the last few weeks I've reported a dozen or so for spam - but with literately tens of thousands in the network it's impossible for any individual to make a meaningful impact.</p>

<p>I wish Twitter could track down the source of this problem and eradicate it.</p>

<p>If you want to have a play with this dataset - you can <a href="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Fake-Followers.zip">download a .zip file of the relationships and their metadata</a>.</p>
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