Not from Android per se, but from the Google assistant omniscient app: it used to allow translating arbitrary text from the current screen. It worked by launching "Google Now" (or "Google Assistant", or whatever it was called), which would then capture the current screen, and offer on-screen text translation. More powerful than in-browser translation because it also worked on any app. If you're visiting a foreign country, or if you just moved to different country, it was an extremely useful feature.