UTF-EBCDIC allows encoding all Unicode code points, similarly to UTF-8. https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr16/tr16-8.html There are modern Perl 5 releases available that support this which I run on z/OS; Python also is claimed to support EBCDIC, but I don't have experience with it regarding Unicode. Both EBCDIC 1047 and 037 code pages are isomorphic to Latin1. Almost all European languages should be directly encodable via these.