(These notes are mostly for my own benefit).
Android is moving away from USB Mass Storage. You will no longer be able to plug in a USB cable and have your Android show up as a USB disk. There are some good technical reasons for this, but it is a pain if you want to copy some files to your phone. The new system - MTP - isn't automagically detected in Ubuntu. This is something which is likely to be fixed in later versions of Ubuntu - but for now you'll have to hack around it.
The crazy cats at omgUbuntu have a tutorial which I have adapted for the Samasung Galaxy S (running ICS from teamhacksung).
First, install the MTP tools.
sudo apt-get install mtp-tools mtpfs
Connect the phone to the computer using USB.
To check that MTP is installed and working, run the command
mtp-detect
You should see a spool of text as MTP detects the phone.
To create the rules which allow Ubuntu to detect the phone, create a new rule file like so:
sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules
Add in this line of text
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="04e8", ATTR{idProduct}=="6860", MODE="0666"
If you're using a different device, run this command to get the correct idVendor and idProduct:
mtp-detect | grep idVendor
mtp-detect | grep idProduct
We'll need to restart udev so it can pick up the new rule.
sudo service udev restart
Then create a directory in your filesystem which you can use to access your phone.
sudo mkdir /media/GalaxyS
sudo chmod a+rwx /media/GalaxyS
Now we need to add ourselves to fuse.
sudo adduser YOURUSERNAME fuse
sudo nano /etc/fuse.conf
The last line probably reads
#user_allow_other
Remove the "#" so you're left with:
user_allow_other
Save the file.
We're going to create two commands "android-connect" and "android-disconnect". When run, these will allow you to connect to your phone, then safely disconnect.
echo "alias android-connect=\"mtpfs -o allow_other /media/GalaxyS\"" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "alias android-disconnect=\"fusermount -u /media/GalaxyS\"" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
Restart the computer. Make sure the phone is connected via USB. Open a terminal and run
android-connect
Open your file manager and go to "/media/GalaxyS"

Once you're done, disconnect the device by running
android-disconnect
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(These notes are mostly for my own benefit). Android is moving away from USB Mass Storage. You will no longer be able to plug in a USB cable and have...